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Home > Law > Law glossary > Law glossary
Spurling Ltd v Bradshaw (1956)
Last modified: Thu Feb 23 16:37:38 2006
This case (Spurling Ltd. v Bradshaw [1956] 1 WLR 461) demonstrates
how an ExclusionClause can be considered incorporated,
even without explicit reference when a contract is formed,
by the course of former dealings between the parties.
Bradshaw regular contract Spurling to store materials; on one
occasion some barrels of orange juice were damaged by the
latter's negligence, so Bradshaw refused to pay.
When sued for payment, his defence was that Spurling's
exclusion clause was unknown to him, and could not form
part of the contract. Spurling were able to show that
Bradshaw had received many accounts from them in previous
business, and would have had the opportunity to read
the terms of business. This argument was upheld by the court,
and the exclusion clause was allowed to stand.
The facts of this case are not very different from those
in McCutcheon v MacBrayne (1964); in that case
ferry operators were disallowed from relying on an exclusion
clause when their boat sank and damaged a customer's car
(see: McCutcheonVMacBrayne1964).
Why was the exclusion clause struck down in McCutcheon,
but allowed in Spurling? Perhaps the frequency and
nature of the dealings was different in the two cases but,
more likely, the courts are more likely to disallow an exclusion
clause that penalizes a consumer than a business.
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